MMP2 and neoplasm: Mechanistically, XRCC1 inhibits tumour cell invasion and metastasis by regulating the expression of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and TIMP-1, leading to the suppression of the expression of metastasis-related markers matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 [74].