In MG3, genes involved in endothelial regulation (ESM1, APLN, ALCAM) and ligands for αVβ3 integrin (EDIL3 and POSTN) were expressed at higher levels compared to MG1 and MG5 (Fig. 6G), the latter of which recruit tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) in adult glioblastoma [111, 112]. Here, APLN is linked to glioblastoma.