Therefore, we performed single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC), which nominated MAFB, LEF1 and TBX2 as master TFs potentially controlling C4 cells (Fig. 4g), which have been confirmed to be associated with stemness and EMT.44–46 These findings indicated that the C4 subpopulation was a unique myoepithelial cell population with tumour-initiating potential in PA. The gene discussed is MAFB; the disease is neoplasm.