M4076 also displayed synergistic effect when combined with radiation, topoisomerase, and PARP inhibitors in preclinical models, albeit the BBB permeability of M4076 was not reported.215 A recent study illustrated that residual cancer cells which survive oncogene-targeted therapies developed synthetically dependency on ATM, and combination of AZD0156 and osimertinib (a 3rd generation EGFR inhibitor) generated synergistic effect and eradicate residual cancer cells in vivo.216 This may broaden the combination opportunities for ATM inhibitor in clinic. The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is cancer.