USP32 and breast carcinoma: USP32 is upregulated in a variety of cancers, including small cell lung cancer [24], gastric cancer [25, 26], breast cancer [23, 27, 28], epithelial ovarian cancer [29], glioblastoma [30], gastrointestinal stromal tumor [31], pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma [32] and acute myeloid leukemia [33].