DPP9 and viral infectious disease: However, recent studies have found that activation of human NLRP1 by both ZAKα/P38 axis following ribotoxic stress response and viral infection (Robinson et al, 2022; Jenster et al, 2023) and by the ORF45 protein of the Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (Yang et al, 2022) are independent of DPP9.