Aside from conventional risk factors such as older age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia (27), some CKD-specific nonconventional factors such as albuminuria (28), LVH (29), fibroblast growth factor 23 (30), deranged mineral metabolism (31), anemia (32) and inflammation (33) may all contribute to CVD. This evidence concerns the gene FGF23 and chronic kidney disease.