Aside from conventional risk factors such as older age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia (27), some CKD-specific nonconventional factors such as albuminuria (28), LVH (29), fibroblast growth factor 23 (30), deranged mineral metabolism (31), anemia (32) and inflammation (33) may all contribute to CVD. The gene discussed is FGF23; the disease is anemia (phenotype).