ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In contrast, most molecular-targeted therapies have become established as the standard first-line treatment for NSCLC cases with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF), and Ret proto-oncogene (RET) alterations, exhibiting over 50% antitumor response rates and long-term PFS (53).