INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Based on previous studies, it is known that bisphenols affect the activity of insulin and other hormones and contribute to metabolic disorders, the effect of which is the disruption of blood glucose homeostasis, leading to obesity and diabetes (Apau et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2019; Rancière et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2023).