INS and Hyperglycemia: The guidelines recommend the use of insulin to control PN-induced hyperglycemia (16), while there are various routes of insulin administration, including continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CVII), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), subcutaneous long-acting insulin infusion, such as glargine insulin (GI), multiple subcutaneous insulin injections (MSII), the addition of regular insulin to the PN mixture (RI-in-PN), or any combination of these methods (4, 9, 17–20), and there are different advantages and disadvantages (18, 21, 22).