However, a recent population-based study in Ontario that corrected for secular trends was not able to demonstrate a significant change in the rates of IBD-specific hospitalizations or intestinal surgeries corresponding to the period following marketplace introduction of infliximab among persons with Crohn’s disease over a 10-year period or among persons with ulcerative colitis over five-year period; this suggests that factors other than anti-TNF therapy may have also contributed to the observed trends in earlier studies (7). Here, TNF is linked to ulcerative colitis.