IF co-staining using anti-CD86 with Iba-1 or IL-1β, or Iba-1 with IL-1β or IL-6 demonstrated that AD fecal transplantation strongly activated Iba-1 positive microglia from WT mice with CD86 signals significant elevation than HC samples, and this effect was further augmented in microglia from C/EBPβ Tg mice. Here, IL1B is linked to Alzheimer disease.