Likewise, the higher prevalence of BL among males may be partially accounted for by inactivating alterations in DDX3X. Loss-of-function DDX3X mutations moderate MYC-driven global protein synthesis, and established malignant cells restore full protein synthetic capacity by aberrant expression of their Y chromosome homolog (DDX3Y), whose expression is usually restricted to the testis [97]. The gene discussed is DDX3X; the disease is Burkitt lymphoma.