To explore how A. muciniphila supplementation attenuated SD-induced cognitive impairment, the expression of synaptic proteins VGLUT1, a marker of excitatory presynaptic elements, and PSD-95, a universal postsynaptic marker, in the hippocampus was assessed using western blotting (Figure 5a). The gene discussed is SLC17A7; the disease is Cognitive impairment.