Impressive pathological responses have been observed with neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibitors prior to resection (63), and the addition of cryoablation to such a regimen at the time of bronchoscopy could theoretically further enhance this effect, particularly in those lung cancers with “cold” baseline immune microenvironments (low PD-L1 expression and absence of infiltrating T cells). Here, CD274 is linked to lung carcinoma.