Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of apoptosis (using the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK or double knockout of BAK and BAX), ferroptosis (using ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1), and necroptosis (using necrostatin-1) failed to suppress cell death induced by the ES–Cu complex in multiple cancer cell lines (Tang et al., 2022). Here, BAX is linked to cancer.