Researchers transformed M1-derived exosomes with miR-5a-3p and NK-kB siRNA transfection, attached IL4R-binding peptides to exosome membranes using DOPE-PEG amine, achieved targeted delivery of exosomes to M2-type macrophages, thereby driving M2 to M1 polarization and reducing tumor size in a 4T1 tumor model (Gunassekaran et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene IL4R and neoplasm.