Thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone (ROSI) and pioglitazone (PIO), are specific PPARγ full agonists that are used as insulin sensitizers and are widely used clinically for the treatment of diabetes55, but their clinical application is restrictively prescribed by giving their increased risk of cardiovascular disease and fracture, and was prohibited in patients with severe CKD. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and cardiovascular disorder.