KRAS and cancer: Numerous modified antisense oligonucleotides, varying in size, have been reported to exhibit inhibitory activities on various cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo by targeting specific mutated RAS genes.561–563 Among them, AZD4785 (236) is a high-affinity constrained ethyl-modified ASO that has shown potential activity in downregulating KRAS mRNA by complementing the KRAS mRNA sequence both in vitro and in vivo.