Our model builds upon numerous studies that have demonstrated the ability to predict clinically relevant variables based on MRI, with applications ranging from characterization of intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity [51], to predicting IDH1 [30, 31, 52], PTEN [53, 54], and TERT [54, 55] promoter mutation status and classification of transcriptome-based subtypes (classical, mesenchymal, proneural) [33]. Here, PTEN is linked to neoplasm.