CASP3 and neoplasm: In addition, AGNPs also interfere with the signalling pathways in tumour cells, like activating p53, Caspase-3, LC3-II, ATG7, beclin-1, ATG5, and p-Er K1/2 and deactivating AKT, P62, p-AKT autophagic markers that also results in the programmed cell death of cancer cells [180, 181].