The rapid evolution of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for advanced NSCLC stands as an instrumental factor in enhancing patient outcomes, charting a promising trajectory toward improved prognosis [29,30]. In a recent study, neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor sintilimab was administered to individuals with NSCLC. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.