VEGFA and macular retinal edema: Macular oedema is a known complication of gyrate atrophy [19, 20], and supportive therapy including administration of topical or oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drops, intravitreal corticosteroids or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents has been reported to have a favourable short-term impact on retinal structure [15, 20].