Our findings have potential implications for the treatment of patients with KTS using inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which have shown promising results with mTOR inhibitor sirolimus [64, 65], pan-AKT inhibitor miransertib [66], and selective class I PI3K inhibitor alpelisib [67] or taselisib [68]. Here, AKT1 is linked to angioosteohypertrophic syndrome.