Summaries of the PIK3CA variants in PROS (n = 696) [3, 6–8, 20, 24–48] and vascular malformations except PORS (including LM, VM, fibro-adipose vascular anomaly and combined vascular malformations; n = 307) [6, 8, 42, 49–55] from the literature as well as our cohort (n = 12) are presented in Additional file 1, Fig. 2 (frequent variants in PROS ≥ 5 patients in each variant, n = 597 from the literature; vascular malformations except PORS, n = 300), and Table 2 (variants presented in Fig. 2), including the ranks in COSMIC v97 and variant class in ClinVar. The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is vascular anomaly.