IFNB1 and cancer: Vanpouille-Box et al. found that Trex1 is a DNA exonuclease that acts as an upstream regulator of RT-driven anti-tumor immunity, and the DNA exonuclease Trex1 is produced in different cancer cells after irradiation at doses of 12 to 18 Gy, mainly by degrading cytosolic DNA, resulting in a decrease in dsDNA, a ligand required to activate cGAS/STING, and inhibiting anti-tumor immune effects [31].Repeated irradiation at doses that do not induce Trex1 promotes IFN-β production, thereby recruiting and activating Batf3-dependent DCs.