Abundant PAR1 overexpression promotes PDAC tumorigenesis, fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and cytokine secretion in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and it is present not only on tumor cells but also in multiple dominant components of stromal cell subsets, such as endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) [18]. This evidence concerns the gene F2R and cancer.