HMGB1 expression is upregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with AITD (including patients with HT or GD) (Peng et al. 2016), the thyroid tissue and serum of NOD.H-2h4 mice (murine model of autoimmune thyroiditis) (Li et al. 2017), the thyroid tissue and serum of a rat model of thyroglobulin-induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) (Guo et al. 2021), and thyroid follicular epithelial cells (Guo et al. 2021). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and autoimmune thyroid disease.