HMGB1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Other studies have demonstrated that the suppression of HMGB1 expression or treatment with therapeutic agents (including polyclonal and monoclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies, the A-frame structural domain of recombinant HMGB1, soluble RAGE, and corticosteroids) can inhibit the progression of RA (Palmblad et al. 2007; Af Klint et al. 2005; Hofmann et al. 2002; Wouwer et al. 2006; Zetterström et al. 2008; Hamada et al. 2008).