Meanwhile, the levels of insulin (Fig. 2B) and c-peptide (Fig. 2C) in CSF, insulin in the hippocampus (Fig. 2D), and the transcription of the insulin-encoding gene Ins2 (Fig. 2E) were all markedly lower in the HF-diabetic group than in the CTL group, but all higher in the Ex-4 group than those in the HF-diabetic group. This evidence concerns the gene INS and hydrops fetalis.