In the comprehensive HCC treatment, monoclonal and bispecific antibodies targeting inhibitory pathways such as programmed cell death-1(PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CTL antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been demonstrated to activate the cytokines and cytotoxic mechanisms of adaptive immunity to override the resistance to cell death, eradicate cancer cells, and improve overall prognosis22, 28, 39, 40. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and cancer.