In the comprehensive HCC treatment, monoclonal and bispecific antibodies targeting inhibitory pathways such as programmed cell death-1(PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CTL antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been demonstrated to activate the cytokines and cytotoxic mechanisms of adaptive immunity to override the resistance to cell death, eradicate cancer cells, and improve overall prognosis22, 28, 39, 40. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.