TECs can participate in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors by secreting cytokines such as interleukin, VEGF-A, and Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein 12B HSPA12B, as well as exosomes to activate receptors on tumor cells, support tumor metabolism, or suppress anti-tumor immune responses [236, 253–257]. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.