LIF and neoplasm: The tumor-promoting mechanism of CAAs can be realized by multiple signaling pathways, such as IL-6 and leptin derived from CAAs can promote tumor metastasis by activating the JAK/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to promote the expression of lysine hydroxylase (PLOD2) [228] And the cytokines LIF secreted by CAAs can promote the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through the STAT3 signaling pathway [229].