TNF and neoplasm: The crosstalk between adipocytes and cancer cells can lead to changes in the phenotype and function of adipocytes, such as tumor-derived soluble factors TNF-α, IL-6, plasminogen activator inhibitors 1, Wnt3a, and exosomes microRNAs (such as miR-144, miR-126, and miR-155) can act on adipocytes at the forefront of tumor invasion and further induce the formation of CAAs [2].