K-Ras conducts signal transduction by stimulating its direct downstream effectors primarily at the PM, and blocking the PM localization abrogates K-Ras signaling and the growth of K-Ras-dependent cancers (Cho et al, 2012b, 2016a, 2016b; van der Hoeven et al, 2018; Miller et al, 2019; Garrido et al, 2020; Kovar et al, 2020). This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and cancer.