It has been proven that the concentration of products of oxidative stress related to lipid peroxidation products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein oxidation products (nitrotyrosine and carbonyl levels), and DNA oxidation markers such as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in diabetes mellitus are a significant improvement, along with reduced antioxidant enzymatic (such as CAT, SOD and GPx) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (such as vitamins C and E) activity (198, 200, 205, 206). This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and diabetes mellitus.