LPL and atherosclerosis: Triglycerides undergo hydrolysis mediated by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), producing high concentrations of lipid products such as oxidized free fatty acids, which are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and CVD through various mechanisms, including the production of cytokines, fibrinogen, clotting factors, and proinflammatory interleukins and fibrinolytic impairment (36).