Due to the lack of an adaptive immune system, insects mainly depend on the innate immune system, a nonspecific immunity that could provide the first line of defense against infections through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll receptors, peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs), gram-negative bacteria-binding proteins (GNBPs), and scavenger receptors (SRs) (Myllymaki et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2022a). The gene discussed is PGLYRP1; the disease is infection.