IL1A and Parkinson disease: IL-1R2 mediates anti-inflammatory functions in the periphery and central nervous system by inhibiting the effects of IL-1 (Molgora et al., 2018; Supino et al., 2022), a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that was found to be elevated in PD patients (Qin et al., 2016) and other neurodegenerative disorders (Mantovani et al., 2019).