INS and retinal disorder: The prevalence of retinopathy was 36.4%; of them, 57.5% were mild, 19.9% were moderate, 11% were severe NP, and 11.6% were PR. The rate of maculopathy was 7.2%. Risk factors of DR included older age, early onset, longer duration of diabetes, poor glycemic control, insulin use, and the presence of hypertension, diabetic neuropathy, or nephropathy.