A community-based longitudinal study based on the Cardiovascular Health Study found that the HR for CVD mortality in the highest cystatin C group (≥1.29 mg/L) was 2.27 (1.73–1.97) compared with the lower group (≤0.99 mg/L), and the HR for MI was 1.48 (1.08–2.02), and the HR for stroke was 1.47 (1.09–1.96). Here, CST3 is linked to Stroke.