This facilitatingeffect of TSPO in increasing the inflammatoryresponse that we demonstrated is corroborated in vivo by the presence of a decrease in the ability of LPS to induce inflammationin animals previously treated with a TSPO antagonist.5,6 Microglia also shows an ameliorating effect of pharmacological TSPOinhibition upon LPS exposure.54 Such aprotective effect of TSPO inhibition has also been hypothesized invarious other pathologies (multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’sdisease, and Parkinson’s disease7,8,55) and could therefore indicate a pro-inflammatoryfunction of the TSPO. The gene discussed is TSPO; the disease is multiple sclerosis.