Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) in HCC cells inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of PD-L1 by COP9 signalosome 5 and promotes the secretion of EVs containing PD-L1 in HCC cells, upregulating the expression of PD-L1 in TAMs (Chen et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.