ADAR1-mediated RNA editing is required for cathepsin S (CTSS) expression during atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), aligning the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of the transcript with RNA-binding protein (RBP) combined more tightly, so that the structure of RNA is uneasy to be degraded, and the translation increases (Stellos et al., 2016). The gene discussed is CTSS; the disease is atherosclerosis.