TGFB1 and neoplasm: Factors derived from CAFs and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), including IL-6 and TGF-β, are associated with increased inflammation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, EMT and limiting the recruitment of anti-tumor T lymphocytes while simultaneously shifting macrophages towards a pro-tumor phenotype (Neuzillet et al., 2015; Zarrilli et al., 2020; Tan and Naylor, 2022).