TP53 and neoplasm: Genes that are associated with driving these biological phenomena and thus hold clinical utility as biomarkers include: tumor survival (PIWIL3/4), evasion of cell death and invasion (p53, COX2, MMP9), EMT (Wnt5A/B), immune response (PD-L1), and growth (Ki67, survivin) (Turashvili and Brogi, 2017).