Liu et al. (2021) found that Hp-I infection was positively correlated with gastric mucosal inflammatory activity in the patients with chronic gastritis, and the Hp-I infected patients with had higher levels of serum G-17, PG I, PG II and lower PG I/II ratio than the Hp-II infected patients. Similarly, Yuan et al. (2020) found that Hp-I infection linked with higher serum PG II and lower PG I/PG II ratio in patients with nCAG, non-atrophic gastritis with erosion, and CAG. This evidence concerns the gene JUP and infection.