Consistent with the results for FAM3A overexpression in mice mediated by adenovirus, supplementation with recombinant FAM3A peptide also decreased the gross levels of CD68 and ARG1 (macrophages), Aggrecan (chondrocytes), OPN (osteoblasts), CD34 (mesenchymal cells), and LUM (fibroblasts) in female mice (Supplementary Fig. 3d) and male mice (Supplementary Fig. 7a) with AAA. Here, ACAN is linked to triple-A syndrome.