Exogenous supplementation with APN acts as a potent antioxidant to suppress oxidative stress by inhibiting gp91phox and nitrotyrosine protein, which reduces the production of aortic inflammatory molecules (tumour necrosis factor α[TNF-α], IL-6 and ICAM-1) and improves endothelial dysfunction in obese/diabetic patients [67]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and endothelial dysfunction.