For the overall PDI, subjects with a more PBD (quintile 5) were less likely to be male, older, have a lower level of education, be heavy alcohol drinkers, live with type 2 diabetes, have a higher BMI, lower energy intake and have higher concentrations of CRP, IL-6, leptin, LAR, WBCs, neutrophils and monocytes and lower concentrations of adiponectin (all P < 0.05). Here, ADIPOQ is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.