STAT3 and polycystic ovary syndrome: In addition, we confirmed our hypothesis that SPX affects human GC function and we noted a negative in vitro effect of SPX on GC physiology including steroidogenesis and proliferation via activation of GALR2/3 receptors and kinases MAP3/1, PKA, STAT3, and AKT, which indicate that SPX may be a novel modulator of GC physiology and closely linked with PCOS.