Compared with Model 1 (area under curve (AUC) = 0.668 [95% CI: 0.602–0.733]), the AUC of Model 2 constructed by adding invasive screening factors of FGF-21 was significantly increased to 0.715 [95% CI: 0.654–0.777]), indicating that FGF-21 could significantly improve the evaluation efficiency of diabetes risk (Fig. 4). The gene discussed is FGF21; the disease is diabetes mellitus.