To explain this observation, we showed that once phosphorylated by PKCα, NRF2 translocates to the nucleus, transactivates ROS scavenger coding genes (e.g., HO-1 and NQO-1)54,55, and reduces ROS both in mouse miR-142−/−BCR-ABL LSKs and human BC CML CD34+CD38− cells compared respectively with miR-142+/+BCR-ABL LSKs and CP CML CD34+CD38− cells (Supplementary Fig. 9c). The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.