Along similar lines, the impact of antigenic protein alterations on adaptive immune function is commonly exploited both in the infection and cancer vaccination fields, where modification of the MHC anchor residues of presented peptides (heteroclitic peptides) can be used to alter the interaction with the cognate TCR, leading to e.g. increased IFN-γ responses in specific CD8+ T cells (48, 49). Here, IFNG is linked to infection.