LPS/ TLR4 agonists are not only used in modern vaccines as adjuvants, to link innate to adaptive immune response (Luchner et al., 2021) but also trigger anti-tumor signaling in cells bearing its receptor with the most studied being tumor associated macrophages (TAM) M1 anti-cancer fighter phenotype (pro-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic) which reverses the acquiescent M2 (anti-inflammatory pro-tumorigenic and stimulated by IL-4, IL-13, IL-10 phenotype) (Muller et al., 2017; Orange et al., 2016). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is cancer.